PEMBUATAN BODIESEL DARI CRUDE PALM OIL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS CaO/KOH CANGKANG TELUR BEBEK

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel source that can be produced from vegetable oil through a transesterification process. CPO (Crude Palm Oil) is one source of vegetable oil that has the potential to be used as a base material for biodiesel production. An important aspect of biodiesel production is the use of catalysts. Duck eggshell can be used as a heterogeneous base catalyst because it contains calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) which can produce CaO through the calcination process. CaO catalyst was made by calcining duck eggshell at 800°C for 4 hours, then impregnated with 30% KOH solution. This research aims to make biodiesel from CPO oil using CaO/KOH catalyst from duck eggshell based on variation of oil:methanol mole ratio and catalyst mass. Then the esterification reaction of CPO aims to reduce the level of free fatty acids contained in the oil by using methanol and H₂SO₄ catalyst at 65°C. Free fatty acids decreased from 16.38% to 0.99%. Meanwhile, the transesterification reaction was carried out with variations of oil:methanol mole ratio (1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:11 and 1:13) and impregnated catalyst masses of 2% and 5%. The best biodiesel results were obtained in the variation of oil: methanol mole ratio 1:7 with 5% impregnated CaO catalyst and methyl ester content analyzed by GC-MS of 84.82%, yield of 43.24%, density of 0.89 g/mL, kinematic viscosity of 4.52 cSt and moisture content of 0.03%.